Research
High-speed drop impact
The impact of a liquid drop onto a deep pool induces a broad range of physical phenomena, constituting a fascinating and crucial area of study with far-reaching implications across industrial and natural domains. Despite significant advancements in our comprehension, many key aspects of the process remain scarcely explored, particularly concerning the intricate interplay within the most energetic impact conditions. At high-speed impact velocity, a thin-walled crown arises, swiftly followed by necking in and air encapsulation, giving rise to a distinctive ‘Bubble Canopy’ structure. Such cases, characterized by shorter time scales and increased complexities of splash, pose formidable challenges for both experimental and numerical approaches and have received very limited prior attention.
We perform 3D high-resolution direct numerical simulations of a large drop impacting a deep pool of the same liquid at high velocity based on Basilisk code. Reliable qualitative and quantitative agreements are obtained between numerical and experimental results. Simulation gives access to various aspects of the internal flows, which allows us to better explain the observed physical phenomena. Details of the early-time dynamics of bubble ring entrapment and splash, the formation & collapse of bubble canopy, and the spreading of drop liquid are discussed. The statistics of droplet size show bimodal distribution in time, corroborating distinct primary mechanisms of droplet production at different stages.
Splashing regimes of high-speed drop impact
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High-speed water drop impact on an oil-infused deep water pool surface
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